Secret Techniques for Essay Topics for Argumentative Writing That Only Very Few People Know About

Secret Techniques for Essay Topics for Argumentative Writing That Only Very Few People Know About Possessing great research abilities and selecting a superb topic is essential. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, generally, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no legitimate way to provide a free college education as colleges would still have to be funded (likely through tax dollars). Many students think that it is a waste of time. Essay Topics for Argumentative Writing Help! Writing a superb persuasive essay is not a simple task, however, it's achievable. It isn't hard to write GMAT essay for those who have a guide and you've completed a good researched. If you understand what you will create GMAT essay, be sure you search the net and read more books. Persuasive essays share a whole lot of resemblance with argu mentative essays. In the event the paragraphs aren't well organized, you'll likely wind up with an essay that's confusing instead of persuasive and that's not what you would like! Just adhere to the guidelines stated above, and you will be well on your way to writing a very good persuasive essay. At the conclusion of these list, you will discover links to a range of argumentative paragraphs and essays. Typically, a structure of essay contains three key sections, in other words, introduction, body, and conclusion. If you get an obvious essay, readers will understand easily what you would like to tell. What you aspire to teach your reader will choose the form of your essay. The readers wish to read an essay that's absolutely free from any mistakes so it will be simple to comprehend. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Writers often need to do some thorough research on the subject. Parents need to talk to their children about drugs at a youthful age. They must be responsible for providing a healthy diet. The Nuiances of Essay Topics for Argumentative Writing The essay will test the student wisdom and ability in answering the questions and analyzing the situation. On the opposite side, acquiring a list of good persuasive essay topics is inadequate. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. It is crucial to opt for a great topic to be able to compose an excellent pape r. Lastly, bear in mind that a huge portion of being effective in persuasion is the capacity to attract your audience's emotions. There's a significant remedy to your issue! Before starting the preparation, one should select the topic. Discover which of the topics, you currently have a fairly good background on which will make it possible for you to have a relative edge. When you select a topic, ensure you choose a well-defined, controversial matter. Apparently, you ought not purposely select a topic that will bore your audience. As soon as you have the topic, answer the question and after that support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. You will likely find a different and terrific topic you will love to write about. So as to compose captivating argumentative topics, you should understand advantages and disadvantages of that appropriate subject, so that it is possible to emphasize the key points. Therefore, you can ask all the essential questions and consult on some points. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. Since you can see, several of the topics listed are new and deal with the recent issues happening in the World today.

Joyce Carol OatessWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been

Fiction Analysis Paper: Where are you going, where have you been? Joyce Carol Oates’s Where are you going, where have you been? is a post-modernist story. The primary theme is childhood versus adulthood. The story explores Connie’s, the main character’s, ambivalence about adulthood. The plot of the story builds the theme. Throughout the story, Connie believes that she is playing 2 personas. One that is child-like, and innocent, and another that is lascivious and â€Å"adult-like† to the extent that she knows adultness. In the beginning, she is undoubtedly convinced that she wants adulthood; however, she doesn’t understand all the implications, and she becomes ambivalent when faced with the reality of adulthood, personified by the character†¦show more content†¦It’s safe to say that Connie’s conception of adulthood also includes a notion of â€Å"independence,† separate from her family, but accompanied by a male admirer. June’s personality and interests foil with Connie’s and their mother’s constant comparisons cause Connie to resent June, and because June lives with them, this also likely attests to her desire for pseudo-adulthood. Her father is completely uninvolved, and because Connie specificall y lacks the love of and closeness with her father, the pseudo-Freudian approach suggests that this could have a direct influence on her quest for pseudo-adulthood, which I defined as consisting of male attention, and her conception of independence. Now straying from her family, I’ll explain Eddie’s significance to the theme. Eddie gives the reader better insight into Connie’s character. The time Connie spends with Eddie in the alley shows the reader that her understanding of adulthood is lacking, and that she is just teetering around the line between childhood and adulthood, but keeping one foot neatly planted on childhood’s side. This becomes more obvious later in the story, once she encounters Arnold Fiend. Those 3 hours had to have been spent engaging in what was considered â€Å"adult-like,† but not quite adult. A lot couldn’t have happened, and the 2Show MoreRelatedJoyce Carol OatessWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1554 Words   |  7 PagesMystical voices of unity and liberty filled the youths spirits in the 1960’s, sparking what may have been America’s â€Å"golden ages†. For baby boomers, however, the new generation was being poisoned by talks of rebellion and uprising. Joyce Carol Oates, the author of â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?†, begins by introducing Connie, a stereotypical 15 year-old in the 1960’s, who voices the arrogance of the youth. Connie’s passion for glancing at every reflective surface she passes by, her attempts

Spectacles free essay sample

Ninety-five percent of the population in the world today is getting blind—and you might not be aware that you are indeed a part of it. Of course, there are many ways to particularly justify this, and first—actually the most obvious—is when you’re looking yourself in front of the mirror yet thinking of another person’s face to show up. Perhaps, a top Hollywood celebrity—Angelina Jolie, Emma Watson or Tom Cruise—or a supermodel like Kate Moss. Though one could probably be aware that that could be the most impossible thought a thinker could be thinking of, religious compliance to buy these products endorsed by these celebrities—whose faces, according to the TV, billboards and magazines, make up the definitions of what beauty truly is—is still seemingly inevitable thing to do for that someone. Second scenario is the desire to stare, to touch and eventually to take away those things carried statically by some mannequins behind a boutique’s window glasses. The thirst for colorful, sparkling things would always be there, ringing behind your ears, directly whispering to you that you should have that to be called ‘beautiful’ or to at least have the access to the world of beauty. But, why buy? Maybe you might just answer, ‘I buy because I love myself’. But think about it more, are you really buying because of loving yourself? Or are you just buying just to have this and that out of a nowhere-impulse? If you are in a state of confusion or in a necessity to deny something, you must really be one of those ninety-five percent unfortunates. As centuries pass by, the concept that corrupts the concept of beauty is getting stronger. Actually, our present era could now be considered as the most corrupted for no one could even spell out what the term ‘beauty’ really means. People are mostly blinded by too much confusion which we could simply see on streets, on magazines, on TV and on internet. In fact, even coloring books for children also presents a certain form of confusion! (Why do fairytale characters have to be always good-looking? why always red, pouty lips for Little Mermaid? And fair skin for Snow White?—isn’t it that it somewhat degrades some of our racial traits? Really, confusion starts as early as preschool) And some personalities (like fashion experts) who would consider themselves as ‘beauty enthusiasts’ present the blurriest confusion to both the eyes and the mind—that is they themselves could be the corruptors of their own field for they are the one who had set the endless struggle for the definition of beauty. They dress celebrities the way they wanted them to appear; they convince people to love their style; they talk to people on advertisements as if there is something wrong with them—especially that Kristine Hermosa’s whatever’s-the-name skin whitening product endorsement (and who would forget about the glutathione mania!) which really attacks our natural brown skin tone—or as if they’re ugly—a model talking nonverbally, ‘Hey, how about you? What do you got?’ to the TV viewers—as a strategy to sell their products; people would become submissive for their self-confidence has gradually been destroyed; and at last, these experts gain praise, money and have now a certain kind of power over millions of blinded people. (And not only about those, they could also influence all these people about dieting; thus, started the worldwide starvation among ambitious ladies and guys. Yes, of course, they have to do that. Try to name a beauty expert who wanted to stir chubby ladies to wear some slim-sized cocktail gowns). Unfortunately, things won’t end up there for this is a cycle; thus, started again another struggle for the definition of beauty—destroying everything that they themselves had created the past cycles. This is vindicated by the seemingly unending evolution of clothes, of shoes, etcetera and the use of the term ‘outdated’ for discrimination. Though I could consider ‘fads and trends’ as not that bad, obsession about it—which could always be possible because of the misuse of media—would always contribute for the cycle to continue cycling. Unfortunately, most people are now into this cycling, at most times without even any wondering or guilt. It gave them pleasure but also, unconsciously, gradually redirecting the entire human body to crave more and to crave endlessly. The superficial, artificial concept of beauty is now controlling our society. But this kind of concept is usually short-lived—it dies and then forced to be resurrected and reanimated by those people who pronounced themselves ‘beauty enthusiasts’. It isn’t also universal (Of course, you cannot always be dealing with no-money people and considerably old people about this). Therefore, this alone negates our innate idea of beauty. Beauty is natural. It is not seen; it is felt. It is not out of just some material things that sparkles or attracts the eye. It is a lifetime ‘something’ which one could get an endless pleasure—definitely never fades (pants), never burdens someone’s lifestyle (not-really-rich shopaholics) and never puts one’s life at stake (breast, butt augmentation). And most of all, it is always inside—it is up to us to recognize it or not. We do not need lots of those and that just to express whatever’s within. All we need are some nice simple stuff, a confident smile and some sort of spectacles which could see through the skin and the fabrics.

Influence Of Mythology On Literature And Society Essays - Trojans

Influence Of Mythology On Literature And Society Anthony Roldan P3 3-282 1/4/01 The Influence of Mythology on Literature and Society Part One: Edith Hamilton is the author of the book Mythology. This book is about the Mythology of the Romans and Greeks through her eyes and the way she interprets it. In the beginning of the book Hamilton writes an introduction to Classical Mythology and how, and why it came about. She starts off by writing that Greek and Roman Mythology is meant to show us how people felt about the human race and about where they came from many years ago. She points out that Mythology describes the Earth when it was young and people cared for the Earth more than today. This is true, because in todays world not many people are caring about the Earth and its going by us fast. She also points out that these stories in Mythology and the characters are describe in such great detail that even through you cannot see them, that maybe just maybe they are real and believable. Mythology is the way the Greeks and Roman saw and understood the world around them and it is written in which a way that we may never truly understand it. Hamilton now describes the Mythology of the Greeks as a totally different picture than the one described in Classical Mythology. She describes it as being vile, and savage, but the reason for this is because the Greeks wrote about themselves when they had a brutal and poverty filled life. They wrote like this to show you how they came to power and what they went through to get there. Not only was Greece coming to power, but also they changed the world as it was back then and forever. The reason for this was, because when Greece came to power so did mankind, and because they finally saw how powerful they could be, mankind was born. Greek originally obtained their gods from the Egyptians when they traveled into Egypt and saw the statues of their gods. The Greeks then took the same idea and changed its meaning around. An example would be how the Egyptian gods have different body parts with other bodies and the Greek gods are humans. Hamilton states that the Egyptians made gods they thought up and made them in a way that no one has seen before. The Greeks therefore made their gods in there own image. That made it easier for them to understand them and know how they act. The major point Hamilton is showing in this introduction is that Mythology is a new to look at life and to understand it under a different light. Another point she states is that Greek Mythology its self, is so unique that it showed extreme beauty yet fear at that same time. The gods were not to be completely feared, but respected to the point where you didnt anger them. Greek Mythology is also unique, because it doesnt have many of the things that are in most religion or folklore. Hamilton states that Greek Mythology didnt contain Magic or Witches, and in reality didnt fear the dead, they actually pitied the dead. Hamiltons main point in this whole introduction is that Mythology itself is completely and totally different from any other religion or folklore ever. Mythology was written in such a beautiful way that upon reading it, it seems real and it begins to take shape. She is also saying that Greek Mythology was in a way different than normal Mythology and therefore changed the face of Mythology forever. PART TWO: Aside from mortals and immortals in Mythology there were many heroes in it as well. There are heroes such as the well-known Hercules and Hermes and Apollo, but there are many not as famous. Two examples of these are Prometheus and Io. Prometheus is a god who was the first to introduce fire to mankind. Zeus was very anger when he first learned of this and punished Prometheus for what he had done. Many other gods accommodated Prometheus for his courage to go against Zeus and do something that was right. Zeus sent Prometheus to the rock peak of Caucasus where

Use Ansoffs matrix to evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent ltd. The WritePass Journal

Use Ansoffs matrix to evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent ltd.   Introduction Use Ansoffs matrix to evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent ltd.   Introduction  1.  Evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present dayProduct DevelopmentMarket DevelopmentDiversification 2. Evaluate the extent to which entrepreneurship has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day3. Evaluate the extent to which leadership styles has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day4. Evaluate the extent to which both the strategic direction and the method of development chosen are suitableStrategic capabilityIntellectualFinancialHumanPhysicalIssues that face Innocent and Coca-ColaEthicsCompetitionCultureSuitabilityStep1- Create a sense of urgencyStep2-Pull together the guiding teamStep3- Develop the change vision and strategyStep4- Communicate the vision broadlyStep5- Empower others to actStep 6- Quick successStep7-Buil momentum and keep pushingStep8- Create a new culture ReferencesRelated   Introduction   1.  Evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day To start off with Innocent only had one product which is their renowned smoothie made from squashed up fruits. After entering the market with their famous healthy juice they were able to provide themselves with sufficient finance, in 10 years they were able turn over  £110 million calculating out to  £6m profit. With the additional finance Innocent were able to diversify their product range and widen the scope of their business. This successful turnover led them into creating and developing new products and penetrating into different markets such as, â€Å"Yoghurt thickies† â€Å"Juicy waters† â€Å"Wedged shaped cartons† –   Fitting neatly into lunchboxes (entered into the children’s market in 2005) In relation to the new products that Innocent have introduced it is possible to use the Ansoffs matrix in order to analyse the development of products into different markets and place them into the categories within the matrix. Source: tutor2u.net Product Development Kids smoothies – Instead of appealing to cash rich time poor consumers they have started to bring out new products for kids Innocent Smoothie The first product that Innocent launched Juicy waters Competing with healthy waters such Market Development Yoghurt Thickies Innocent Smoothies Trying out new flavours with new fruits Diversification Vegetables Trying to move into the fresh vegetables sector In order for Innocent to be this popular there would have been certain stages that business would have to have gone through in order to be where they are at the present day.   NPD (new product development) would have been a strategy that Innocent used in order to try and see whether or not their first idea was feasible to carry on with.   The table below consists of 6 phases that they would have gone through. Stage Relating to Innocent Strategic logic Alignment First of all Innocent wasn’t an easy business to set up for the three university friends. As they were young and inexperienced they found it extremely difficult to find financial banking for the business they proposed to set up. 20 banks or so had rejected their business plan due to lack of experienced and knowledge of the sector. Finally after much pursuing they were put in touch with a business angel who invested  £250,000 and who now owns 20% of the company. Idea generation The three university students at this stage would have had to look at the current markets and try and find a possible gap that they felt they could penetrate into. Smoothies were a concept they had engaged into. Concept Development Selection Once they had all of this set in place they needed to develop their idea to be different from any other potential competitor products out there, they made the smoothies from 100% fresh fruit which could be preserved for 14days and still get the same fresh taste. Programme Definition The idea of the smoothie had originally come from the trio buying  £500 worth of fresh fruit and making them into smoothies then going onto to sell them at a music festival in London. The customers were asked to put the empty bottles in either one of two bins one named â€Å"yes† and one named â€Å"no†, the question they would be answering was â€Å"do you think we should give up our day jobs to make these smoothies† The yes bin was overwhelming so this gave the three entrepreneurs the push they needed to take their idea forward.   Giving every consumer â€Å"2 of their 5 a day† with one bottle of Innocent. Design Development The design of the smoothies had to be unique and welcoming to the consumers Innocent also wanted to be a company that built on ethics hence the name. Ethics was decided to play a big part of the business by using fresh fruit for example the banana suppliers have rainforest accreditation, they also strived to try and be carbon neutral and using bio degradable packaging. Validation To try and make sure that customers were willing to invest in the product they had the knowledge from the music festival that customers were interested in their product. Pre- Commercialization launch The launch of their product was on a national level at first finding distribution channels through the market and now there product is stocked at many delicatessens, health food shops and coffee bars. First day they sold 24 bottles from a van. Innocent were the first company to start selling smoothies which in turn gave them a competitive advantage of being the first on the scene, this gave them allot more experience over the years of operation than other competitors in the market today, factors which play in favour of Innocent are as follows: Experience Having years of practice in serving the customers exactly with what they want, also taking on board the customer’s views and opinions to try and increase product ranges but also at the same time satisfy the needs of the consumer. Scale benefits- Innocent will definitely have this advantage as they will already have bulk order in place and be able to mass produce quicker than any new upcoming smoothie business. Pre emption of scares sources- Innocent have key technology and product innovation that makes there smoothies last 14 days from the day of production, so consumers will still get that great fresh taste. Reputation- In the years Innocent have been operating they have managed to gather a huge client database through emails and feedback this gives them an advantage as they have started to build relations with the customers a long time ago and by listening to what the consumers want and by responding appropriately they are able to keep the interested and having consumers who are brand loyal. Buyer Switching- As Innocent are big well known business there suppliers would be more than happy to negotiate with them in terms of competitive pricing. 2. Evaluate the extent to which entrepreneurship has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day As the three young entrepreneurs had a lot to learn about business it was a huge learning curve for them to be thrown into the deep end so fast. Although successful as it is Coca-cola have huge part to play with their  £30m investment into Innocent when sales went down and competitors got tough. Innocent can gain from Coca-Coola distribution channels such as Europe and global distribution something that Innocent wasn’t to geared up with. From being Entrepreneurs they had given 20% away for investment but also taken onboard help and investment from another major drinks company that has been around for a lot longer than they had. On the other hand this could be a partnership between both businesses that could work. Coca-cola can learn how to compete with a whole new style of drinks. Below is a diagram of entrepreneurial growth cycle which the three young students would have found themselves going through in the early stages when Innocent started up. The diagram will give an insight and relate how the founders of Innocent would have proceeded within each step of the diagram. Start up capital For Innocent the start up capital came from on a business angel as the banks had turned them away for being inexperienced, the business angel now owns 20% of Innocent. Growth As the business grew so did the amount of employees by 2007 Innocent has 250 members of staff working within the organisation of Innocent. Maturity Innocent have handled with maturity very well in terms of them diversifying themselves into different markets offering new products aimed at different ages. They have kept revenue on a positive scale by doing this. Innocent are from maturing as they are constantly innovating new ideas and creations and with the help of their loyal customers they are always trying to find ways to impress their consumers. Exit This does not apply to Innocent as of yet as the entrepreneurs are still running the business and the Angel investor still owns 20%. Innocent have done well to not base their business entirely on profits but have been looking at the bigger picture in terms of social and economical responsibilities. This helps them achieve the business they originally set out to create which was â€Å"natural, entrepreneurial, responsible, commercial and generous†. 3. Evaluate the extent to which leadership styles has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day When starting up a new business it is very important to try and get the leadership styles correct as this can make or break a business from the offset. Having a sound leader for a business can not only help with the direction of the business but also the way in which employees react to the style of leadership. If it is possible to get employees on side with the business values this can help increase efficiency and brand image. Being three young university students it was hard for Innocent to give of a professional image at first as the youth of the entrepreneurs was soon noticeable in their approach to business. Their youth style approach consisted of: Dress codes- â€Å"dress informally, often in shorts and bare feet’ Messages- â€Å"funny informal message† on the drink carton labels Employees- â€Å"leaving their personal values at home when they go work† Buildings- â€Å"fruit towers† Office block name The factors above show the laid back autocratic approach that the founders of Innocent adapted to help the business image and help support employees within the workforce to come up with new innovative creative ideas to help push Innocent forward. As the company was growing it was very important for the leadership styles to suit the number of employees so that all work could be done effectively and efficiently. After the auto critic approach as there were no employees at that time the leadership style has slightly changed to democratic as there are now 250 employees, but Innocent still ensures that employees play a role in the business and partial decision making processes, giving the employees freedom at work helps with their participation in fundamental decisions. 4. Evaluate the extent to which both the strategic direction and the method of development chosen are suitable As time went on Innocent found itself in a situation where it needed from help other businesses, this was mainly due to the expensive marketing decision that took them into the European sector this proved to be costly for them and made their financial positioning weaker. This led them into the path of Coca-Cola a large global drinks company that has one of the strongest brands in the world. Coca-Cola currently have operations in over 200 countries and has been around since 1886. The global organisation is currently the leader in the drinks beverage industry. As Innocent have decided to take investment from the global business it is able to use many of the resources that Coca-Cola use for its own products, as well as looking into international investment. There will be certain factors that will drive Innocent in this direction which can be seen in the table below. Source: Yip, Total Global Strategy As it is clear to see the above drivers would help Innocent to move forward internationally with the help of Coca-Cola and their global marketing brand. Objective comparison (Innocent vs. Coca-Cola) As two totally different businesses the vision, values, missions would differ a lot which could cause issues in the working partnership and could push toward a change within either of the organisations.    Mission Vision Values Innocent Make good food The earths favourite little company Be commercialBe generousBe entrepreneurialBe responsibleBe naturalBe generous Coca-Cola To refresh the world in mind, body and spiritTo inspire moments of optimism through our brands and actions, andTo create value and make a difference everywhere we engage ProfitPeoplePortfolioPartnersPlanet LeadershipPassionIntegrityAccountabilityCollaborationInnovation Quality From looking at table above it is clear to see that coca-cola and Innocent both follow similar ways but show their views in different perspectives. Innocent is all about being simple and telling the customers exactly what they are doing where as coca-cola is a much larger organisation therefore they have to try and abide by settling a level platform as they operate globally.   Innocent tend to follow the trends of the UK and try and adapt their changes to suit the UK economy as that is their main source of income, compared to coca-cola who have to look at the issues of the world and try and adapt their company values to suit the mass market.   Looking at the suitability of each company joining together, it may not have been the best idea. Coca-Cola doesn’t have the greatest image of being a healthy drink where as â€Å"Innocent† has a strong backing of being health conscious and the concept of the drink is that it contains â€Å"2 of your 5 a day†. This is an immediate clash for both companies whether Coca-Cola can learn from Innocents approach to being health cautious or whether Coca-Cola have only invested for a return on investment. Strategic capability In order for a business to be able to be able to survive and trade it needs to have the resources and competences at its disposable to help alleviate the downfall of the business. Innocent seem to have many resources which they use effectively to send out a positive message to all its consumers: Intellectual   Customer feedback, letters from consumers, emails letting Innocent know how they feel about their products which in turn gives Innocent new innovative ideas. Financial   Millions made which means investment for expansion and product development, Partnerships, Business angel, 2million Innocent smoothies sold a week bringing in constant revenue Human Creativity in the staff that Innocent employ which is showed throughout their products, 250 employees who all have different skills and knowledge that make Innocent who they are, New staff after working with Coca-Cola brining potentially new ideas to the business. Physical Innocent have all their products that they sell as well as all the development production technology that use to create the drinks. They also have â€Å"Fruity Towers† where they operate from. All the resources that Innocent have proved to be a success for the business in the previous years else they would not be who they are today. Innocent having proven themselves to have good customer relations and doesn’t find it hard to communicate with their consumers this could be because of their critical success factors. Innocent have certain product features in order to keep their consumers engaged with the business such as the â€Å"funny informal messages† or making sure they are letting their customers know what they are drinking is healthy. Innocent’s honesty with the consumer has paid off as they are well engaged with many of their consumers. All the different departments within Innocent all interlink together which helps the business run effectively and efficiently. As Innocent is a simple business its logistics and processes flow easily enabling them to create their products and meet the demands of the consumer, compared to that of Coca-Cola who have vast production lines in 100’s of countries with lots more products. The two different value chains could clash as the organisational structure and technology development as well as process methods differ drastically. The technology that relates to Innocent would be the fact they can keep their smoothie fresh for up to 14 days where as Coca-Cola have developed their packaging to ensure the coke tastes fresh when opened. With Innocent juicy possibly entering into international markets as well as European they could benefit from Coca-Cola’s production methods to ensure they would be able to meet the extra demand on time and of high quality. Also when distributin g abroad with only 14 days of freshness for the smoothie Innocent will have to work with Coca-cola to help distribute their products quick enough so that they can be on the shelve as long as possible before the best before date runs out. Transportation costs on a global scale could creep up significantly for Innocent if Coca-Cola distribution channels are not feasible to use. Increasing costs in certain areas could cause internal conflict for Innocent as there are different investors that have put capital into the business, the decisions off Innocent as a whole can effect more than just the investors, other effected parties would be the employees and suppliers as well as any other stake holder. Rising costs and changes within the processes could cause possible disruption in parts of Innocents infrastructure leaving employees unhappy and investors concerned about expenditure. The stakeholder interests within both organisations will vary and all stakeholders will be expressing their v iews and concerns to the board which in turn could leave Innocent torn between following Coca-Cola on an international level or keeping stake holders happy on a more local scale. Issues that face Innocent and Coca-Cola The merge of the two businesses can cause serious issues that could affect the brand image and stakeholders concerned. Ethics   Innocent have a much more ethical approach to business compared with Coca-Cola, partnering up with a less ethical company could bring down customer views and opinions of Innocent which could damage their international venture. Competition Although both brands are well established within their fields there is always the fear of a new competitor or substitute products being purchased, if Innocent cannot keep the price of their product at a competitive rate consumers may start to look elsewhere. Innocent currently only make 5p per bottle sold this is a low profit margin, with all the additional costs they will have to look closely or look into cutting costs which may cause a backlash on their ethical programmes. Innocent will have to do lots of market research to see if there is a need for their product in other countries, although consumers may be willing to pay the slightly higher price in the UK for a smoothie this may not be the same in international countries depending on the state of their economy. Culture   The culture clashes between Innocent and Coca-Cola vary on a large scale, Innocent have the very laid back approach towards business where as Coca-Cola are a lot more formal and diverse. Management techniques and employee relations differ which could cause conflict in the way both businesses work together in order to get things done. The organisational structure’s of both business would look very different as Innocent only have 250 staff where as Coca-Cola would be in the 000’s making the layering of each level and employee powers differ. Suitability In terms of Innocent and Coca-Cola working together it needs to analysed whether or not it would be feasible for this to take place. Strategic Options Environment Capability Stakeholder/Cultural Influences Consolidation Innocent can maintain their market position within the UK and Europe. Coca-Cola maintains their global positioning. Build on their brand and product strength and new innovative ideas   through the creativity of their employees Stakeholders not wanting to move into the European market as they are comfortable in the markets they operating in currently. Market Penetration Try gaining more market share through promotions or new products. Exploiting the resources available to them which were mentioned previously. Coca-Cola exploiting their vast global connection. Stakeholders happy with the current position of both businesses not wanting any change to occur, thinking they might be at risk of a loss in new strategic directions Product Development Innocent looking at feedback from the customers on acting on it. Coca-Cola taking a leaf out of Innocents book and engaging with their consumers maybe looking into healthy drinks with less sugar contents. Both companies could use each other’s research and development groups giving each business a different perspective on their products. Trying to make the stakeholders take interest in the better of the business in order for growth and expansion. Market Development Innocent and Coca-Cola can both benefit from new products and using existing products to penetrate into different segments of the market Exploiting the current capabilities and products in different market segments. Such as Coca-Cola trying out new kids drinks with an â€Å"Innocent† concept. Trying to help stakeholder understand the need for investment into new areas before current market reach the decline stage. Diversification The markets that Innocent and Coca-Cola have become to   mature/decline Exploit the core competences in new areas Must still be able to meet the needs of the stakeholders at the same time.                     Source: Exploring Corporate strategy pg 337 exhibit 10.6 As we can see from all of the above analysis it would be fair to say that both Innocent and Coca-Cola can learn new ways of managing, developing products, and targeting different sectors, but this could come at a cost of either damaging brand image or leaving behind the ethical issues that both companies value. With reference to appropriate models/frameworks analyse the change in management issues that could arise in implementing this strategy With the merge and assistance of both Innocent and Coca-Cola coming together certain issues could arise in the management styles having knock on effects to other areas of both businesses such as employees and stakeholders the issues that could arise from this have been analysed below using different models. To help try and overcome these issues there is a 8 step process that can be followed in order to and remove potential unwillingness to participate in new operations. Step1- Create a sense of urgency Innocent and Coca-Cola both need to let their businesses know that in order for them to grow and succeed further there visions and strategies need to be fulfilled to the maximum potential. Step2-Pull together the guiding team Making sure that the team has strong beliefs and values of what they are doing to show other people that it is a beneficial move. Step3- Develop the change vision and strategy Making sure that consumers and investors understand what the future will be able to give them and how they will gain from this and how it is different from the past. Step4- Communicate the vision broadly Make sure as many people as possible understand and accept the vision and the strategy this could be done through the media as both Coca-Cola and Innocent have media connections. Step5- Empower others to act For example if Innocent had enough money and certain stakeholder such as the business angel did not see the vision that everybody else had seen it may be in the best interest of Innocent to buy certain stakeholders out this would give the entrepreneurs more control and power to drive the company forward with Coca-Cola. Looking at this from Coca-Colas perspective they would have to convince their stakeholders that partnering up with Innocent is the way forward for a better image and more product innovation. Step 6- Quick success Produce sufficient short-term results to give their efforts credibility and to disempower the cynics Step7-Buil momentum and keep pushing Once the first success point has been reached for example Innocent in the international market they need to keep pushing themselves in order for the vision to become a reality. Step8- Create a new culture The old traditions of the business need to become the past and future should be embraced Coca-Cola could do this by leaving the high sugar content drinks behind and getting onboard with Innocent into the healthier beverages, with a strong brand name people may trust the drinks. The method above is a simple 8 step rule of trying overcoming change management issues but time constraints need to be taken into account as it can be a lengthy process trying to get everyone on side.    References http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm innocentdrinks.co.uk/ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3Prwx2sWtPsCpg=PA583lpg=PA583dq=DAVID+RAINEY+NPD+MODELsource=blots=vJ6Z37tZKTsig=i8sT69tygn6cSHd3yuYTVRtuwAkhl=enei=5kbYS-WdF4z0mAPezMCnCAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CAYQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false (PAGE 10) coca-cola.co.uk/About_Us/ youtube.com/watch?v=PeORynrUakk Kotter, J., and Rathgeber, H., (2006) Our Iceberg is Melting : Changing and Succeeding Under Any Conditions Pan Macmillan Ltd, London

Using the French Passive Infinitive

Using the French Passive Infinitive Even though the French infinitive translates as to verb, the French infinitive sometimes needs to be preceded by a preposition. This phenomenon can be divided into two categories: verbs that must be followed by a preposition (see lesson) and the passive infinitive, which you will learn about in this lesson.The passive infinitive occurs when a sentence is written in such a way that the infinitive has a passive, rather than active, meaning. This construction requires the preposition . Compare these two sentences:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je veux dire quelque chose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai quelque chose dire.The first sentence, I want to say something, is active - this want is an active state of mind. The second sentence, I have something to say, is passive: the speaker is using this construction to emphasize the something to say, rather than the action of actually saying it. It might help to literally translate it as I have something to be said.The passive infinitive occurs most commonly with indefinite wo rds, including negative indefinites. This is not a definitive list, but it should give you a good idea about when and how to use the passive infinitive. Indefinite Pronouns   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je cherche quelque chose lire.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im looking for something to read.  Ã‚  Ã‚  En voici un autre corriger.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heres another one to correct.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aimes-tu les films  ? En voici plusieurs voir.  Ã‚  Do you like movies? Here are several to watch. Negative Pronouns   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il ny a rien manger.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theres nothing to eat.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle nen a pas une seule partager.  Ã‚  Ã‚  She doesnt have a single one to share. Indefinite Adjectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je cherche une autre voiture louer.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im looking for another car to rent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il regarde chaque peinture vendre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He looks at each painting to be sold.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a maintes choses faire demain.  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many things to do tomorrow. Negative Adjectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je nai aucun argent te prà ªter.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I dont have any money to loan you.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il ny a pas un seul ordinateur utiliser.  Ã‚  Ã‚  There isnt a single computer to use.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il na nulle sagesse communiquer.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He has no wisdom to impart. Indefinite Article or Number   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il me reste une maison vendre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have one house left to sell.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle a trouvà © un chien adopter.  Ã‚  Ã‚  She found a dog to adopt.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai achetà © quatre tartes partager avec le groupe.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I bought four pies to share with the group. Presentatives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest difficile dire.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its hard to say.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a beaucoup de choses faire Paris.  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a lot of things to do in Paris.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voici les và ªtements laver.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Here are the clothes to wash.Note that sometimes cest and il est must be followed by de rather than - learn more. Sentence Fragments The passive infinitive may also be used in fragments:  Ã‚  Ã‚   vendre  Ã‚  Ã‚  For sale  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maison louer  Ã‚  Ã‚  House for rent

IS Strategic Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IS Strategic Plan - Case Study Example Key Findings 8 10. User Strategic Themes 9 Improve Service Access for its Members 9 Improve Service Access for the Community 9 Access to Information 9 Hiring of Facilities 10 10 11. IS Strategic Technology Themes 10 Updating Website 10 Reduce Paper Based Membership Applications 10 Maintain Security and Integrity of Information 10 Improve Document and Record Management 10 Adherence to Regulatory Requirements 10 News 10 Engage New and Current Members 10 12. Strategic Direction 11 13. Expenditure 11 14. Roadmap and Project Descriptions 12 14.1. Members Management 12 14.2. New Members Management 12 14.3. Committee Members Management 13 14.4. Competitors Members Management 13 14.5. Dragon Abreast Members Management 14 14.6. Community Management 14 14.7. Document and Records Management 15 14.8. Function Room Management 15 14.9. Gym Management 16 14.10. Community Management 17 14.11. Documentation Management 17 14.12. Minutes and Agenda Management 18 14.13. Gym Management 18 14.14. Functio n Room Management 19 14.15. Regulatory Management 19 15. Continuous Improvement 19 16. Program review 19 17. Appendix 1 – SWOT Analysis 20 Introduction This IS Strategy will outline key goals based on the defined assumptions. It will highlight area’s that require improvement and a solution that will assist LRC to develop and grow their organisation for many years to come.

The Proposition & Gomorrah Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Proposition & Gomorrah - Term Paper Example em miniature, and many filmmakers use aperature flare, an artifact of having a camera, to make CG sequences feel more â€Å"real.† Two films, â€Å"The Proposition† and â€Å"Gomorrah† use color and camera movement to create two vastly different visual styles, which leaves the audience with two very different impressions: â€Å"The Proposition† seems like a storey book, or a distant tableau, whereas â€Å"Gomorrah† creates a sense of immersion. The color palettes of these two films are one of the first thing one notices when comparing them. â€Å"The Proposition† has an incredibly warm color palette, almost seeming to have yellow or orange gels over the camera lens during every single shot. â€Å"Gomorrah,† on the other hand, has a somewhat cooler, grittier, and more realistic color palette. This creates very different impressions for the audience - the color palette in â€Å"The Proposition† reminds readers of the fact that they are watching a film, a story, and creates a tableau for them to enjoy in the distance. The color palette of â€Å"Gomorrah,† on the other hand, creates a sense of being there, of realism, and of immersion. The choice of camera movement has a similar effect in both films. The camera movement in â€Å"The Proposition† is long and careful – things like slow zooms, smooth movements and so on are incredibly common, as are dolly shots. â€Å"Gomorrah,† however, has a more documentary-style camera movement – many of the scenes are shot by hand-held camera or are given the effect of being shot on hand-held camera, with significant bouncing, jostling and so on. This creates the impression that the film maker is actually documenting real things that are happening, rather than painting a story for the viewer’s enjoyment. All of this serves to make â€Å"The Proposition† more like a storybook, and â€Å"Gomorrah† more like a brutal, real world documentary. The audience’s awareness of the artifice of film is a principle object of a director’s

The development of the printing press Essay Example for Free

The development of the printing press Essay The Reformation started in 1517, when Martin Luther began his protests against indulgences and then against the Roman Catholic Church. It was a time of immense change within Europe. There were many causes that contributed towards the Reformation, such as, the printing press and the state of the Church and they are all of some significance. The first factor that contributed towards the Reformation was the development of the printing press. In the middle of the 15th century the printing press was invented and this had many effects. Access to knowledge had now been increased greatly. Books and pamphlets could now be printed and everyone could get their hands on this newly available information. Printing highlighted discrepancies and contradictions between what was really in the Bible and what the Church said was in the Bible. This led to more people coming away from the Church. There was also a decrease in censorship by the Church. The Church could no longer control knowledge and intellectual thought as they had once done before the development of the printing press, when the monks used to write all the books available, by hand and therefore, controlling what went into them. If it wasnt for the printing press, the new ideas which led to Reformation might never have got off the ground. Another contributing factor to the Reformation was the revival of classical texts. Ancient Greek and Roman texts were rediscovered and with them new ways of thinking. For example, the works of the Greek philosopher, Protagoras were recovered and in his works there was the idea that, man is the measure of all things, i.e. man is unlimited in potential. New ideas such as these led to Humanism- the study of arts, architecture, literature and language, which replaced the previous idea of Scholasticism. These new ideas led to people ideas and beliefs changing and this proved a great challenge to the Church. People were questioning the beliefs of the Church and if they were true or false. One of the biggest causes of the Reformation was perhaps the state of the Church. The medieval Church had many abuses; there were many ways in which  the Church had been diverted from its spiritual mission by its corruption of the world. There was simony, the raising of cash through the sale of posts in the Church hierarchy which led to pluralism- the holding of several offices and absenteeism- when clergymen acquired offices solely for their income rather than because they were going to undertake any of their duties. Powerful families could add Church offices to their other acquisitions. The Church was meant to be separate from the world through the rule of celibacy; however some priest went against this rule and wandered. A cardinal or bishop might have his courtesan (a high class prostitute) and an ordinary priest his concubine. Where a bishop got to know about a priest and his concubine, the routine was to exact a fine rather than to split them up. Criminals could claim benefit of clergy. Simple literacy was regarded as pretty good evidence, would be tried before a Church court and guaranteed a light penalty, even for so serious a crime as murder. Abuses such as these produced resentment amongst many of the laity, the mass of people without benefit of clergy. Church taxation provoked laymen more than anything else. The tithe, 10 percent of all produce, had to be paid over to support the Church and there were many other taxes as well, such as Peters pence, a tax on hearths paid to the Pope. The German people despised the fact that their money went to Rome and didnt do anything for them. Convents were shamefully lax and that was because they were useful as dumping grounds for the excess daughters of well-to-do families. Relics of saints, which pilgrims traveled to see and to touch and to pay for the privilege, were often frauds. The forearm of St Andrew might just be a pigs bone, sceptical travelers noted enough nails from the Cross to make a forest of crosses and enough of the Virgins milk to launch ships. Indulgences, which were sold by the Church as though they were passports from the torments of purgatory directly into the bliss of Paradise, had  become crude money-raising devices but that was possible because there was so much ready demand for them. This state of the Church led to dissatisfaction within the people and when books with new ideas were printed, people were ready to read and accept them. Rulers and kings helped the Reformation to come about as they failed to put the movement down. The Reformation would provide opportunities for princes, as they could take over churches in their own country and rule them themselves. There were increasing differences between the rulers and the Pope and they wanted to oppose the Pope and let the Reformation gather pace. If the princes hadnt have sat back and let the Reformation take place, it might not have taken place as they would have had enough power to prevent the ideas from spreading and gaining support. The printing press was a major factor towards the Reformation, however it wasnt the most important, other factors contributed and together they helped bring the Reformation about. The other causes were very significant too. The state of the Church had led to growing resentment towards the Church and it was only a matter of time before this led to a major revolt against the Church. The bringing about of new ideas and humanism, led to new ideas and it would have eventually changed thinking at the time. The printing press helped in the spreading of the new ideas and ways of thinking that came with the Reformation, but these new ideas might have come about without the printing press, just at a later time.

Easements: Solar Access Protection Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow :: Essays Papers

Easements: Solar Access Protection Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow At tropical latitudes the sun is directly overhead the majority of the time, therefore, solar access is guaranteed without regulation. However, in the United States, solar access is influenced by many factors including; latitude, time of day, season, and angle of the sun. Furthermore, shade and shadows due to vegetation and structure greatly diminish the productive capacity of solar collection. Unfortunately, the right to unhindered solar access does not accompany land ownership rights in the United States. Federal and state governments encourage uses of alternative energy sources by appropriating funds for research and development of alternative energy technologies and through tax credits. Laws and/or regulations that guarantee landowner rights to solar access are critical for continued application of solar collection. Many states have introduced legislation to protect solar access rights, in effect removing barriers for solar energy utilization. Without legal safeguards, tim e and monetary investments in solar collection are fruitless and unwise. Although protected in ancient Greece, it was not until the 1970s and the OPEC oil embargo that U.S. courts and lawmakers began to create legal protection for landowners right to solar access. Consequently, twenty-four states enacted legislation to protect solar access, largely by recognizing the validity of solar access easements (Bradbrook 1988). This paper will attempt to explain easements and their historical context in terms of solar access rights. Additionally, we will explore the future of solar access regulation and law in terms of what needs to be done to create successful legislation that guarantees solar access for all. Balancing is a key aspect of legal challenges to solar access. This term refers to the balance between the rights of one landowner to use the sun as a source of energy versus the rights of neighboring landowners to fully exercise their private property rights including economic gain as a result of using their land (Charter 1983). Easements are collectively viewed as a mechanism of solar access protection that successfully weighs political, economic and legal concerns (Beaumont and Imperati1984). Easements can be complex especially when dealing with property rights. To simplify our discussion we will consider easements to be a property right transfer, agreed upon in a written covenant that guarantees one landowner a limited right to access a benefit from another’s land.

Mexican Cuisine

Mexican Cuisine Mexican cuisine is a style of food that originates in Mexico. It is known for its varied flavors, colorful decoration, and variety of spices and ingredients, many of which are native to the country. What makes a meal distinctly Mexican, of course, are the lively seasonings. Not all Mexican recipes are fiery, though; while renowned for their heat, many subtle and intriguing spice combinations are also found in Mexican fare. The staples of Mexican cuisine are typically corn and beans. Corn, traditionally Mexico's staple grain, is eaten fresh, on the cob, and as a component of a number of dishes. Most corn, however, is used to make masa, a dough for tamales, tortillas, gorditas, and many other corn-based foods. Squash and peppers also play important roles in Mexican cuisine. The most important and frequently used herbs and spices in Mexican cuisine are chilli powder, oregano, cilantro, epazote, cinnamon, and cocoa. Chipotle, a smoke-dried jalapeno chilli, is also common in Mexican cuisine. Many Mexican dishes also contain garlic and onions. Next to corn, rice is the most common grain in Mexican cuisine. Mexican food varies by region, because of local climate and geography and ethnic differences among the indigenous inhabitants and because these different populations were influenced by the Spaniards in varying degrees. The north of Mexico is known for its beef, goat and ostrich production and meat dishes, in particular the well-known arrachera cut. Central Mexico's cuisine is largely influenced by the rest of the country, but has unique and tasty dishes such as barbacoa, pozole, menudo and carnitas. Southeastern Mexico, on the other hand, is known for its spicy vegetable and chicken-based dishes. The cuisine of Southeastern Mexico has a considerable Caribbean influence due to its location. Seafood is commonly prepared in states that border the Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico, the latter having a famous reputation for its fish dishes. In Pueblos or villages, there are also more exotic dishes, cooked in the Aztec or Mayan with ingredients ranging from iguana to rattlesnake, deer, spider monkey, chapulines, ant eggs, and other kinds of insects. Mexican Cuisine Mexican cuisine is a style of food that originates in Mexico. It is known for its varied flavors, colorful decoration, and variety of spices and ingredients, many of which are native to the country. What makes a meal distinctly Mexican, of course, are the lively seasonings. Not all Mexican recipes are fiery, though; while renowned for their heat, many subtle and intriguing spice combinations are also found in Mexican fare. The staples of Mexican cuisine are typically corn and beans. Corn, traditionally Mexico's staple grain, is eaten fresh, on the cob, and as a component of a number of dishes. Most corn, however, is used to make masa, a dough for tamales, tortillas, gorditas, and many other corn-based foods. Squash and peppers also play important roles in Mexican cuisine. The most important and frequently used herbs and spices in Mexican cuisine are chilli powder, oregano, cilantro, epazote, cinnamon, and cocoa. Chipotle, a smoke-dried jalapeno chilli, is also common in Mexican cuisine. Many Mexican dishes also contain garlic and onions. Next to corn, rice is the most common grain in Mexican cuisine. Mexican food varies by region, because of local climate and geography and ethnic differences among the indigenous inhabitants and because these different populations were influenced by the Spaniards in varying degrees. The north of Mexico is known for its beef, goat and ostrich production and meat dishes, in particular the well-known arrachera cut. Central Mexico's cuisine is largely influenced by the rest of the country, but has unique and tasty dishes such as barbacoa, pozole, menudo and carnitas. Southeastern Mexico, on the other hand, is known for its spicy vegetable and chicken-based dishes. The cuisine of Southeastern Mexico has a considerable Caribbean influence due to its location. Seafood is commonly prepared in states that border the Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico, the latter having a famous reputation for its fish dishes. In Pueblos or villages, there are also more exotic dishes, cooked in the Aztec or Mayan with ingredients ranging from iguana to rattlesnake, deer, spider monkey, chapulines, ant eggs, and other kinds of insects. The main characteristics of Italian cuisine is its extreme simplicity, with many dishes having only four to eight ingredients. Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation. Dishes and recipes are often the creation of grandmothers rather than of chefs, and this makes many recipes ideally suited for home cooking. This is one of the main reasons behind the ever increasing popularity of this cuisine, as cooking magazine in foreign countries popularize Italian recipes targeted at the home cook. Italian cuisine has a great variety of different ingredients which are commonly used, ranging from fruits, vegetables, sauces, meats, etc Italian cuisine is also well known (and well regarded) for its use of a diverse variety of pasta. Pasta includes noodles in various lengths, widths and shapes. Distinguished on shapes they are named — penne, maccheroni, spaghetti, linguine, fusilli, lasagne and many more varieties that are filled with other ingredients like ravioli and tortellini. The main characteristics of Italian cuisine is its extreme simplicity, with many dishes having only four to eight ingredients. Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation. Dishes and recipes are often the creation of grandmothers rather than of chefs, and this makes many recipes ideally suited for home cooking. This is one of the main reasons behind the ever increasing popularity of this cuisine, as cooking magazine in foreign countries popularize Italian recipes targeted at the home cook. Italian cuisine has a great variety of different ingredients which are commonly used, ranging from fruits, vegetables, sauces, meats, etc Italian cuisine is also well known (and well regarded) for its use of a diverse variety of pasta. Pasta includes noodles in various lengths, widths and shapes. Distinguished on shapes they are named — penne, maccheroni, spaghetti, linguine, fusilli, lasagne and many more varieties that are filled with other ingredients like ravioli and tortellini.

Analyze the Role of Religion in American Culture and Politics Since the Beginning of the 20th Century Essay

The first amendment of the constitution of the United States of America states â€Å"Congress shall make no law, respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof†. This law has given the United States of America the status of a secular state since 1791, meaning that its states have to be official neutral in matters of religion. However, many factors strongly contradict its values; Especially in the 20th century, where there have been many cases where citizens weren’t treated equally regardless of religion. In effect, Jefferson’s â€Å"wall of separation† as a metaphor for the separation of church and state promotes free exercise of religion yet its concept has proven to be difficult because the USA governs with a Federal system and today, there is 900 different denominations in the country. The establishment clause hasn’t been equally respected within the states of the country; for example, the constitution of Arkansas states â€Å" No person who denies the being of God shall hold any office in the civil departments of this state, nor be competent to testify as a witness in any court†, this heavily contradicts the USA’s secularity. It has always been a very difficult task for the country to separate religion and government; how has religion played a major role in American culture and politics since the beginning of the 20th century? From the colonial period through the current day, European visitors to the United States have commented on the powerful current of religiousness that appears to affect all aspects of American life. Surveys of American opinion document that religious belief is widespread: nearly all Americans profess a belief in God, anticipate an afterlife, and report that religion is important in their lives. In 2010, the Pew Research Center published a pie-graph illustrating religious denominations among people in the United States of America. The graph gives us a clear understanding of the religious pluralism of the country. Among the many religious belief systems co-existing in the American society, we can see a domination of the Christian religion, with an average of 80 % of the people living in America. Also, there are many other religious beliefs in the country such as Buddhism, Judaism etc. This document shows that religion is a very important factor of the image on the United States of America. Effectively, the American Dollar, the world’s currency, proudly states â€Å"In God we trust†. This is one of the many factors contradicting the establishment of religion clause. The constitution of the United States of America clearly states that religion should not interfere with the government because if it does, it will show a clear preference of the government, eventually contradicting free exercise. However religious beliefs have always had an impact politically on the country. Absence of state religion does not guarantee that a state is secular state; many people believe that the USA is a Christian State. This belief is understanding because many elements contradict the secularity of the country, for example, the congress and state congresses, one of the main institutions in the heart of American politics, have to begin with a prayer, children in publics schools begin the day by swearing allegiance to â€Å"One nation under God† and most importantly, elected officials have to swear an oath on a Christian Bible. Also, the recent presidential candidate Mitt Romney attracted many of his voters because he himself is a deeply religious man, an alleged Mormon. Consequently, electoral statistics of 2012 demonstrated an interesting pattern: most religious states, usually situated in inner America, voted for candidate Mitt Romney. These aspects among many others show that religion does have an impact culturally and politically in the United States of America. The extract for Time Magazine titled â€Å"Are we sliding backward on teaching evolution? published in April 2012 shows that the Scopes trial is still a hot topic even 87 years after the controversy. Effectively, in July 1925, the state of Tennessee passed the butler law, which forbade teachers in public schools from denying the biblical account of creation, therefore forbidding them to teach Darwin’s theory of Evolution. John T. Scopes, a young science teacher and football coach thought evolution in his class and got arrested for disob eying the Butler Law. Due to catholic pressure, this was the 1st case to be broadcasted by the media all over the world, giving the â€Å"monkey trial† immense proportions. This case strongly opposed the fundamentalist opinion of William J. Bryan who was completely against the ideas of evolution and Clarence Darrow, an evolutionist who wanted to â€Å"put Bryan in his place as a bigot†. During a fiery debate, Bryan admitted that some parts of the bible were not to be taken literally, completely overthrowing his beliefs. Many thought Darrow would win the case, yet the court assessed that Scopes was guilty of violating a state law. However, after the Scopes Trial, a 1958 Act stressed the importance of evolution as the unifying principle of biology. Nevertheless, the Time Magazine article demonstrates that anti-evolution forces have prevailed in Tennessee and a new law was enacted in 2012 giving school teachers the right to question the validity of evolution and to teach students creationism. This article helps realize that religion strongly influences human actions. It states that â€Å"13% of biology teachers across the country are currently teaching creationism†. This is an alarming situation because it shows that there hasn’t been much progress even more than three quarters of a century after the Scopes trial and that religion is at the heart of American culture and politics. However, us readers will not have full knowledge of the situation; since it is impossible to report everything, selectivity is inevitable. Usually a journalist gives us a widespread bias contravening the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. In all, the article shows its readers that we are taking a step backward on teaching evolution, demonstrating that religion, still today, plays a major role in American culture and politics. In the 20th century, other controversies gathering the ideas of separation of state and church existed. Effectively, many political crises were linked with the role of Religion in the United States of America. The Ku Klux Klan movement that first started after the American civil war in 1865 and continues marginally today. The members of the clan preferred the antebellum period where blacks were not free men and were slaves to whites and strongly opposed the passage of the three Reconstruction-era amendments. The 13th Amendment (1865) that banned slavery. The 14th Amendment (1868) that guaranteed equal rights of citizenship to all Americans, with the special intention of protecting the rights of former slaves. The 15th Amendment (1870) provided that voting rights of citizens â€Å"shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Theses acts brought fire to a racist fraternity that attempted to intimidate the black freedmen during nightly activities dressed as ghosts and posing a flamed cross where they stood. Progressively, they became more inclined to the idea that they are superior to all people of other colors and religions. They believe in a philosophy of exclusion and claim that whites must maintain control of the United States and keep all people of other races and religions from gaining power. As so called â€Å"defenders of white American Protestantism†, they heavily target African–Americans, Catholics, Jews and Immigrants. Today there are only minorities of the Ku Klux Klan yet the right of freedom of speech in the United States of America allows them to demonstrate their beliefs freely. Hundreds of individuals were lynched and murdered by the clan because of their religious beliefs and origins. The belief of white supremacy was strongly suggested by the Bible according to the KKK. They believed that the bible supports separatism, in effect, many extracts prove that god favored the whites and avoided miscegenation. For example, the bible once says, â€Å"God forbad intermarriage between Israel and other nations†, showing that the mixity of races should be forbidden. This shows how Religion can affect the country; many were condemned to suffer because they did not conform to what the church believed. In addition, another crisis began in 1969 when a woman named Norma McCorvey found herself pregnant without wanting to infant this child her whole life. She wanted an abortion but Texas law would only allow one if her life was in danger. She used the name of Jane Roe and brought her story to court. She declared that the laws prohibiting abortion violated a woman’s constitutional right to privacy implied in the Bill of Rights. Her case was brought to the Supreme Court and it finally agreed that the Texas law was unconstitutional. However, in March 1970, Henry B. Wade, a district attorney in Texas went against the court and stated that the state has a duty to protect prenatal life, most religious individuals believe that life begins at conception. There was an evident split in the USA between the â€Å"Pro-life† and the â€Å"Pro-choice†; Religion is again the main source of the conflict. On January 1973, the Supreme Court gave women the rights of abortion. However abortion is conditional: during the first trimester of pregnancy women can abort without interference of state, during the second trimester states can regulation an abortion only according to circumstances and during the third trimester state can regulate or forbid abortion usually if the mother’s life is at stake. This crisis has involved the United States of America politically because electoral candidates have to choose wisely about their opinions on pro-life and pro-choice. For example, 2012 presidential candidate Mitt Romney was pro-choice as the former governor of Massachusetts but became pro-life while running for president. In addition, the states of Wyoming and Georgia both regard women as live stock meaning they have to carry their child, even if dead, until it comes out of her. Although this crisis in mainly about the right of privacy under due process clause in the 14th amendment, religion has been a major factor of the debate since religious believers usually tend to believe that only god can choose when you die, therefore an abortion goes against this ideology. These many crises have shown that religion plays a major role in American culture and politics. In conclusion, Religion has always been an important factor in the United States of America showing that the country has difficulties holding its secular status. The 20th century has demonstrated many conflicts between the church and the state. Effectively, the country being a federal republic does not ease the complication, as many states prefer to base their values on religion. USA is one of the most religiously diverse countries in the world. A majority of Americans report that religion plays a â€Å"very important† role in their lives, a proportion unique among developed nations. Consequently, religion does play a major role in American Culture and Politics; however, in August 2010, 67% of Americans said religion is losing influence.

How to Make a Homemade Roman Candle

How to Make a Homemade Roman Candle A Roman candle is a simple traditional firework that shoots colored fireballs into the air. It consists of a cardboard tube that is sealed at the bottom and lit by a fuse from the top, with one or more charges stacked along the length of the tube. Typically the charges are separated from each other by a layer of clay or sawdust. Here are instructions on how to make a homemade Roman candle. Roman Candle Materials Roman candles come in a variety of sizes. For a home project, its best to start small. The 1/2 tube probably is the easiest/safest to work with, since you have some space to add the materials, yet have a fairly small charge. 1/4 - 1/2 cardboard rocket body tube1/8 fuse, about a footBentonite clayBlack powder or pyrodexStar composition (sample recipe provided in instructions)Masking tape Make a Roman Candle Work in a cool area, away from sources of flame. Dont grind pyrotechnic compositions be gentle. Cut the tube so that you have a 10 length. Its a good idea to measure and note the length so that you know, for future projects, whether to adjust the length shorter/longer.Wrap the tube with paper or masking tape. The purpose of this is to reinforce the tube so that the charge shoots up and out of the tube rather than splitting the cardboard open.Seal the bottom of the tube with a clay plug. About 1/2 of clay should be good, although more is fine. You can substitute epoxy glue, if you prefer. The point is to seal the tube so that the charge moves up and out of the tube rather than escaping through the bottom.Run the fuse down the tube to the clay plug. The firework will be lit from the top, burning down the fuse to light successive charges.Add a layer of black powder (about an inch). One easy way to deliver the powder into the tube is by sprinkling it into a rolled sheet of paper.Add your star composition. There are numerous formulas for this, depending on the effect you want. One s traightforward recipe is to collect the coatings from two 6 inch sparklers, mix it with a small amount of flash powder and black powder or Pyrodex (by volume, 60% sparkler, 20% flash powder, 20% Pyrodex). Add water to this mixture, a drop at a time, until you can roll it into a ball that just fits inside the bore of your tube. Roll as many of these as you need for your candle; allow them to dry. Drop a ball into the tube, on top of the black powder. Press tissue paper or sawdust or a small amount of clay on top of the ball. You can tamp the paper or sawdust into the tube using the eraser end of a pencil. This is the delaying charge, that prevents additional layers of material from burning all at once so that each charge will shoot into the air. This completes your first charge. If this is your first Roman candle, this is a good stopping point to see what you will get/know what to expect. Otherwise... repeat layers of black powder, a star, and the delaying charge until the tube is filled.With any tube-shaped fireworks, its a good plan to shoot them off in a depression or hole, preferably in a tube or packed into soil so they cannot point in an unintended direction. Light the firework and get clear. The expected range of the firework is about 30 feet. Troubleshooting If you need the charge to shoot higher, try using a longer tube or slightly more black powder in your lift charge.If the colored fireball doesnt ignite, try adding a higher percentage of Pyrodex in the star mixture. Safety Notes This is a project for adults who already have some pyrotechnic experience. If you are new to making fireworks, try one of the other firework projects, such as a homemade smoke bomb or sparkler.Be aware of the laws where you live! Roman candles may be prohibited. If so, obviously, dont make one or set it off.Do not ignite a Roman candle in your hand. Do not point a Roman candle at anyone or anything.Use good judgment and follow safe practices when lighting making or lighting this or any other firework. Be sober, away from flammable materials and clear of pets, people or structures. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Have vs Having in Certain Expressions

Have vs Having in Certain Expressions Have vs Having in Certain Expressions Have vs Having in Certain Expressions By Maeve Maddox Paul Russell poses an interesting question about the use of have and having. He points out the common ESL error of saying I am having a headache and asks: Why can I say Im having my lunch but not Im having a headache? Some explanations Ive read indicate its all to do with possession. Â  But every time I think I have it figured, I have to wonder why I must say I have a cold when I cant say I have a heart attack. Im sure youll be having a good explanation for me:-) Heres the usual rule given to ESL students concerning the use of have to show possession or to describe medical conditions: Have should always be in the simple present tense for the meaning to own, or to describe medical problems. For example: They have a new car. I have a bad cold. It is incorrect to say I am having a cold or I am having a new car. Im having a heart attack does seem to contradict this rule. I think that the difference between I have a headache and Im having a heart attack may have more to do with duration than with either a medical condition or possession. One can have a heart condition, but a heart attack is a singular event, usually over in a few seconds or minutes. One may say I hope I wont have a heart attack, but in the event that one has oneand is capable of telling someoneam having is the only possibility. A headache is generally of longer duration than a heart attack. It may last an hour, several hours, or days. The same applies to a cold. Both are events of indeterminate duration. You have them for a while. If youre seated at a table having your lunch, youre engaged in an activity with a predictable end. Youll stop having lunch when youve finished eating. Thats my theory, anyway. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" 36 Poetry Terms10 Terms for the Common People

Bridge on River Kwai Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bridge on River Kwai - Movie Review Example b. What was the best thing about the movie? What was the worst?   The best thing about the movie is how it portrayed dynamics of people in a prison camp. The interplay and complications of people with various cultural backgrounds negotiating, interacting was quite enlightening. But above all, the movie just depicted how one group of people can subjugate another group of people through war. The worst thing about the movie was that the racial bias was obvious. During the duration of watching the film, I told myself that the producer of this film must be British because the British character Nicholson was positively portrayed in the film. Nicholson was a captive British officer but despite his situation, he held himself with dignity and poise in a proud bearing consistent with â€Å"Her Majesty† would like to portray. True enough, when I did some research about the producer David Lean, he was indeed a Brit which was already obvious in his film. c. What did you find to be the mo st interesting or surprising element of the film? Why?   The war itself was already interesting but what the film became more interesting is the angle that the movie would like to tackle which is the dynamics of the relationships of POWs and its captors. The content of the film involves the relationship between the POWs (Prisoners of War) and its captors which is already unnerving. In the movie, the hard labor forced among POWs under the intense heat of the tropical sun was vividly portrayed that you can almost feel the heat especially with how the sun deteriorated the skin of the British and American POWs. But while in general the film depicted the reality of war, it was however unrealistic in portraying some dimensions of war especially in the negotiation aspect where Lt. Colonel Nicholson refused to do hard labor when he was asked by Colonel Saito. That caught me by surprised especially when I already had some readings about World War II and how Japanese treats its prisoners. N icholson acted as if he is not a prisoner of war and that they are in equal footing with their Japanese captors. In highlighting this, it is not to say that forced hard labor among POWs is okay but I just find the manner he negotiated with Col. Saito to be unrealistically surprising especially when he used the Geneva Convention ruling as leverage that officers are exempted from work. Japanese as captors are brutal and I doubt that if Nicholson would still be alive in real life had he talked to a Japanese Colonel the way he did in the film. The same instance can be cited here with the American and Filipino POWs held captive by the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II where thousands of both American and Filipino officers died in a merciless march in Bataan called the â€Å"death march† that no officers, both Americans and Filipinos were documented to even have the nerve to negotiate with their captors nor did the Geneva Convention made the Japanese spare their lives from the brutal march. This reality was not depicted in the film and instead, the British through Nicholson are portrayed as brave soldiers who would assert against anybody proudly whatever their circumstances. This is far from the truth and this only tells that the movie was produced, directed and intended by western Hollywood intended for a western audience. In the same vein, it is quite perplexing why among the prisoners who attempted to escape and it was

Organizational Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organizational Structure - Essay Example It can also be termed as the arrangement of lines of rights, authority and duties and communication of an organization. The organizational structure depends on the organizations objectives strategy, and is divided into two namely the centralized structure and the decentralized structure. The centralized structure is the top layer management, which has most decision-making power and control over all departments. The decentralized structure, on the other hand, allows the decision-making powers to be divided among different departments where some of the divisions or departments have some degrees of independence. The structure of an organization is important in as it provides checks and balances within the organization that differs with the sociological idea of power that states that top level managers in an organization have absolute control powers of the organization and can make any decisions for the organization without consultation. Thus, the organizational structure is essential in provide control and checks and balances on how the organization is managed as procedures follow a certain protocol in the organization. The topic is important to me professionally because it will enable me to understand how the decision-making process in the organization should be conducted and help me in improving in my career. Organization structure is important to managers because depending on the structure of the organization the managers manage to control and make decisions pertaining the welfare of the employees, as well as, achievement of goals and objectives. For example, when employees raise concerns in the organization their grievances are taken to the top-level management to establish the issue with the employees. By so doing, the organization manages to have control over the employees and gain their confidence. Additionally, managers find ways to motivate their employees ensuring that all of them are satisfied with their job description therefore it provides a

Customer satisfaction in mobile industry in Egypt an empirical study Thesis

Customer satisfaction in mobile industry in Egypt an empirical study - Thesis Example Against this backdrop, it’s essential to consider the extent to which the product and service quality has an impact on customers in mobile industry in Egypt (Fornell, 2001). Customer satisfaction is the key in any business undertaking, especially success or failure of the business is mainly dependent on it. In the past, the importance of customer satisfaction was not recognized as an important metric in determining critical success factor related outcomes due to the fact that many entrepreneurs focused attention on the increase of new customers rather than retaining the existing customers. It was a pure number game. Li, Jiayin, and Huaying (2008) suggest that many companies have identified the importance of customer satisfaction especially by service-centric companies such as mobile telephone service industry on the premise that customer satisfaction is a growth factor directly influenced by the quality of service. Thus many mobile service producers in the global arena have ad opted customer satisfaction as a high priority in achieving corporate goals. Though customer satisfaction is a mental perception, many techniques and methods are developed to measure the effectiveness of it. For example, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) model is an economic indicator which analyses the degree of customer satisfaction in the US. Claes, et al (1996) argue that this model has mainly been developed with five variables – perceived value; satisfaction; loyalty; reputation; and recommendation. Thus the service quality of the mobile industry depends on the delivery excellent or superior service to fulfill customer expectations, and it occurs for most services during the interaction between a customer and the mobile service provider. According to Anckar, and D'Incau (2002), the mobile service producers in Egypt have efficiently created a perceived value on the customer's mind through real value generation such as providing

Dyscalculia: Causes, Effects and Interventions

Dyscalculia: Causes, Effects and Interventions ABSTRACT This project suggests briefly about the Dyscalculia and the possible biological bases of dyscalculia and about the people who is suffering from the dyscalculia and also mentioned about the problems that are facing by the dyscalculic people in different fields of areas in their daily life. Coming to this case of Dyscalculia it is defined as the mathematical and arithmetical inability while coming to the brief description it is named as Number blindness. Here in this project we focussed only on arithmetical addition and briefly describing problems facing by the dyscalculic people while doing mathematical addition and counting of numbers. And secondly we are going to describe how does dyscalculia comes from and the reasons and explain the relationship between Dyslexia and Dyscalculia as there is a chance to acquire dyscalculia from dyslexia. The main aim of the project is to teach the mathematical addition rule to the People with Dyscalculia would struggle in doing arithmetical addition. Before starting to teach the mathematical addition rule to the dyscalculics I already studied briefly about the dyscalculia and how does it occur and what are the Types of dyscalculia that occurs to the dyslexic people and the deficits intended in dyscalculic people as they expressing while doing mathematical addition. Now a days Dyscalculia is the main problem that are affecting people up to some extent. But not as much this is the problem mainly occurs which is connected with Dyslexia. However one thing should remember that all the Dyslexics are not Dyscalculics although 40% of dyscalculia occurs from dyslexia. In this project to overcome Dyscalculia particularly in the arithmetical addition and to teach the mathematical addition to the dyscalculics I designed application software in Flash with visual graphical design with the help of a colourful Cuisenaire rods. By studying about the previous sources that are useful to teach the maths addition which were designed by some experts in dyscalculia studies such as Brian Butterworth and some other experts on dyscalculia the teaching designs like Phonological loop, Visio spatial sketch pad etc,. Hence by following some of that specific designs in my view and I designed an understanding design to teach mathematical addition rule to dyscalculia people. This includes brief understanding and attractive designs that can impress the dyscalculic and make them enthusiastically towards to the learning of mathematical addition from the basic adding to the high level digits adding that means starting from single digit adding to higher level adding. For this we need to train them on the Cuisenaire rods and the colours and values which was assigned to them and then we need to teach them first by running the application software automatically and I designed the whole process of addition in this software from the advanced stage to the stage of getting result. After that I am conducting a quiz to test their ability and grip on addition after teaching by using the designed application. I hope this design can help the dyscalculia to overcome arithmetical addition inability up to a greater extent. Introduction First of all before starting of my project this document reflects and introduce about the project from its advanced stage to the conclusion in a simple and briefly explanation on which concept that I am doing my project. I started my dissertation on a special concept of human disabilities which is known as Dyslexia and its further effects on human life prospectus. Especially this discuss about the defect on humankind that are suffering with mathematical and arithmetical difficulties known as Dyscalculia. The effect of dyscalculia mainly refers the lacking of mathematical skills and concepts such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Dyscalculia is the major problem that is affecting the human life in our daily activities mainly focuses on inability of basic mathematical concepts of adding and counting of things which performs vulnerable and inefficient out coming result while doing calculations and normal counting in our daily life The main aim of the project is to help the people who are suffering from Dyscalculia and its deficits. To perform the activities that can help to understand the mathematical concepts and to overcome the deficits of dyscalculia that is affecting the people in their real life. The way of designing and the implementation of the project can be able to pave the way for finding the right solution to solve the problems of dyscalculic people with which they are suffering and to overcome their deficits with which are having individually and its total scope is to enhance the possible ways of teaching methods of addition particularly for the dyscalculic in an understanding and in a possible way which can be capable by the dyscalculic. The whole project is designed as user friendly and can be able to the dyscalculic people who are suffering with learning difficulties particularly in arithmetic addition that is adding of numbers starting from the adding of single digit to the higher level addition. In the advanced stage of the project we introduced the design with colourful Cuisenaire rods with attractive colours so by introducing attractive features into the design so that the dyscalculics can show their interest on learning addition very faster and can show the efficiency to get the output result correctly with satisfaction. The entire work of the project is based on teaching of mathematical addition in an understanding way to the dyscalculic people with learning difficulties in mathematical addition. Particularly in adding and counting of numbers according to the situations in their daily life. The possible steps in designing the project which is very useful to dyscalculic; The simple way of designing the project can be easily to understand by the dyscalculic people. Operation is user friendly to dyscalculics Introduction of special features can attract the dyscalculics towards the learning process. They can show their interest on mathematical addition and can learn easily by understanding. Back ground; Dyscalculia; What is Dyscalculia; Dyscalculia is mainly defined as difficulties with numbers it is identified as the difficulty in counting the numbers and things fast and fluently with lack of grasping power. Why the people with dyscalculia are different? Individuals with dyscalculia have specific difficulty with numbers, despite exhibits good results in other areas. They may have great difficulties with counting and adding the numbers. The example of an arithmetic addition2+4 or 4+2 Prices in the shops like tendering the money and taking the change correctly. Normal identification of numbers and what those represent, e.g. which is bigger, 2500 or 2770? Does 100+100 = approximately 200 or2000. Judging of numbers instantly for example seeing there are 5 glasses on the table normal people can count immediately and respond quickly where as the dyscalculic need to count them and to respond slowly. Phone numbers, seeing of dates , time etc,. It shows that people having dyscalculia has to struggle to achieve successful goals in the field of employment than having disability. Dyscalculia is the main learning problem that affecting many individuals and it is termed as the learning of mathematic disability by the disabled. It states that dyslexia is identified as the difficulties in reading written text fast and fluently with lack of grasping capacity. On the other hand dyscalculia refers the difficulties with handling and carrying out specific mathematical operations such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division. Relation between dyslexia and dyscalculia: Here the relation between dyslexia and dyscalculia is very obvious. However, there are some points of overlap. There is a variant of dyscalculia that could be called as dyslexic dyscalculia. This problem involves primarily difficulties in reading which leads to mathematical problems for the people and these are the problems that arise with reading numerical symbols or difficulties with reading with multi-digit numerals so that 14 becomes 41. If the error happens like this in the reading of a task then obviously the solution becomes incorrect. On the other hand dyscalculia can be recognized in the lack of mathematics concern the ability to quickly retrieve numerical facts such as adding small digit numbers like 4+5=9 from the memory. There are several indirect similarities between difficulties with reading and mathematics. A poor working memory is one of the more obvious. Dyscalculia is defined as the mathematical problems caused by working memory or evident in the tasks that must be solved mentally, in the head. In the time of calculation the student may run into great difficulties keep various numbers in the memory. The other case is problem of remembering longer instructions and commands. May be they can remember a short what was supposed to be done. The rest is forgotten, because the information was never stored in the memory. The earlier researches shows that people with dyscalculia also have dyslexia most of the people with dyscalculia can have only mathematical difficulties. And they have a highly specific form of a learning difficulty and many are good in reading. Nowadays the occurrence of both dyslexia and dyscalculia at the same time is diagnosed as icd-10. The most common thing in dyscalculia is the difficulty with the number order. Difficulties involve understanding and use of mathematical operations and concepts. People of large proportions with dyscalculia display problems with following calculations to reach a correct solution. They easily lose their strategy and therefore run into difficulties with complex mathematics. Students with dyscalculia can be able to solve mathematical tasks but with in a average time frame they are unable to retrieve numerical facts from their vulnerable memory and must expend a lot of energy doing The word dyslexia comes and originated from the Greek word Dys means impaired and lexia is a word. Dyslexia ranges from easy to severe conditions. There exist various forms of this disease. Therefore there are different types of symptoms of this illness. The individual features of every type are specified for every human being separately. In general there is no such a typical type of dyslexia. Dyslexia refers to be a learning disability of the brain especially difficulties in reading or writing and spelling and it is the disability of neurological disability. Due to dyslexia the main drawback is that the people with dyslexia failed to remember the name of the things or to connect the name of the item with the definition. Recent surveys revealed that girls are less dyslexic than boys. There are two kinds of dyslexia Genetic Acquired Genetic transfers with the genes and the second one that is acquired occurs to brain damage in the left hemisphere that is responsible for language areas. Possible causes of dyslexia; Dyslexia is widely recognised as having a genetic component for example if a one kid of a pair of twins is dyslexic and the other twin is more likely to be dyslexic in the areas specially in language processing dyslexia links with brain differences. Possible causes of dyscalculia; It suggests by evidence that dyscalculia may have a genetic component. If there exists dyscalculia in one identical twin most possibly there is a chance of around 70% to become dyscalculic characteristics in the other twin. For non identical twins there is a less possibility of getting dyscalculia around 55% only. Research facts of Dyscalculia; Brian Butter worth an expert in dyscalculia research facts; Simply Brian butter worth done some research on a particular person who has dyscalculia and he is describing about the situation of the particular person and his name is Charles. Brian Butterworth met Charles when his (Charles) age was 30 years old Charles is a good professor in psychology and getting psychology degree is an achievement for Charles. But entries to the university in the first place even though he is best he failed to normal condition for entry into the maths GCSE. Charles is intelligent and very hard-working. But he is very poor in number skills that always have been a severe handicap and shopping is a constant embarrassment he doesnt understand the product prices and unable to grasp the idea of the total cost of the shopping basket. When he comes to the till, he has no idea about the money how much to tender and to get correct change. At that time immediately he use to add and multiply his fingers, and he is unable to do the two digit arithmetic problems such as 47-19. The real surprise thing that Butterworth found here about Charles is he couldnt tell that which is bigger or which is smaller in a numbers list which were given for suppose 9 or 5 and to find the difference suddenly he started to count his fingers to work in out. Charles is an example and this condition is known as dyscalculia and this mainly affects the ability of acquire the skills in mathematical and arithmetical skills. Dyscalculic learners may face the difficulties in understanding the basic and simple arithmetical concepts like adding of single digit numbers. For simple arithmetical concepts they may face severe anxiety and they struggle to understand what is obvious to all their friends and classmates. Dyscalculics even if they produce a correct answer or use a correct method they may do so mechanically and with lack of confidence. This captures what many dyscalculics like Charles feel about maths it is incomprehensible. Dyscalculia is not only a problem for the individuals but also it is one of the effect to the nation and for some especially as from the published report of the basic skills agency shows that poor math skills is a bigger handicap to getting a job by having that poor numeracy the employee will transport the wrong number of goods and fails in the money transactions such as receiving or paid out the money. And due to this poor efficiency in calculations affects the particular company. The current estimations suggest that about 5-6% of average to the superior intelligence children will have a real deficit in doing maths. Dyscalculia seems to be particularly found in dyslexics around 40% of the people who struggles with reading difficulties also having difficulties in learning maths and the remaining 60%have no problems than normal. It was found already that there is link between dyslexia and math learning difficulties although the latter can occur alone. It is worth noting that learning about numbers is different from learning to read in an important way. We are born with basic numerical abilities. Infants, even in the first week of life, are sensitive to changes in the number of things they are looking at. We know this because they will look longer at a display when we change the number of things, but often will not when we change one of the things but keep the same number. Babies also seem to be able to do very simple arithmetic. If the baby sees a doll place behind a screen, and then another doll placed behind it, it can be shown that the baby expects there to be two dolls (1 + 1) when the screen is removed. Babies look longer at things they dont expect, and will look longer at one doll or three dolls in this situation. So there is evidence of an innate capacity for numbers. One hypothesis to explain dyscalculia is a lack this innate capacity. However we dont have a specialised capacity in reading by birth. Reading is a complex skill made up of various brain systems set up automatically to do the other tasks like language recognising visual patterns, sequencing, and so on. And some of these used to learn maths in school and deficits in them may also affect learning in mathematics. What we need urgently is a way of diagnosing dyscalculia, and separating it from all the other causes of maths problems, including inappropriate teaching. Once we can identify these children reliably, we can begin systematic research on how best to help them. Charles was not diagnosed as dyscalculic until he came into our lab, and, like many other dyscalculics, felt himself first to be incredibly stupid for not being able to do what all his friends could do easily. This was not good for his self-esteem, of course. After that he came to realise that there was something wrong, but he was completely immersed in the dark as what it could be. Better for his self-esteem, but of little practical help. We dont know there are how many cases like Charles, but we are slowly reaching there. Difference between dyscalculic and ordinary people in arithmetic calculations; Ordinary people; For suppose if there is a four dots or four things on a screener the ordinary people(without dyslexia) can identify the things which is on the screener and they can give instant reply with respect to the situation. So therefore the normal people can react very quickly and they can respond very quickly comparing to the dyslexic people. The grasping capacity is very good in the normal people. Dyslexic people (Dyscalculia); While coming to the dyslexic who suffers from dyscalculia cannot give the quick responses with respect to the situations like ordinary people. So to overcome this type of situations in dyslexic people we need to train them in such a way so that they can give their responses slowly in a particular way as the trainer and the people can understand a bit. In order to train the dyslexic people to overcome the problem of arithmetical difficulties we should introduce some specific designs which is very user friendly and comfortable to hold by the dyslexic people particularly who is suffering with dyscalculia. And the designing aspects should be able to overcome their deficits. Mathematical grasping capacity; This describes the mathematical ability of the dyslexic people and their mental ability of doing the mathematical calculations mainly the people who is suffering with dyscalculia. For suppose if we introduce any four kinds of things in front of the dyslexic people they cannot give the quick response by counting the things so they will take time to count one by one and starts 1,2,3,4 and will give the response very slowly as 1+1+1+1=4 So people suffering with dyscalculia unable to do bigger calculations like adding numbers which is in big units like 234+432 so therefore we need to train them in such a way from the earlier stages of addition like adding single digits 1+2=3 so we need to begin from the earlier stages of addition. And after that by observing their progress we should train them to the further stages like adding double digits and then 100s and 1000s and so on. Its very important to train them with respect their progress by observing their progress we can easily calculate their mental ability of doing the calculations and thereby we can implement the teaching techniques which can very easily and comfortable to the dyslexic people. So by introducing the new and comfortable techniques of teaching the people (dyslexic) can easily do the mathematical addition. Teaching of mathematical addition rule; To teach the Mathematical addition rule to the dyscalculia we need to train them in specific way. The mathematical symbol (+) is to be fix in their mind strongly. And to make them to learn its importance and its rule. Types and sub-types of dyscalculia; Developmental dyscalculia; It is referred as mathematical and arithmetical dysfunction in individuals with normal mental functioning, that results and occurrences of brain anomalies at the time of prenatal development. Discrepancy occurs between the mean mental age and math age there exists a neat and clear retardation in mathematical development. Problems encountered by pupils with dyscalculia; The will recognised and the observable things that generally we can find in the peoples with Dyscalculia are the learning and remembering difficulties in mathematical concepts like addition, subtraction, multiplication etc,. In this project especially we are focussing on the mathematical addition particularly and the difficulties which are the dyscalculics are facing in their real life in the fields of employment and in the living society and we had discussed the problems with dyscalcilia which they are facing in all the areas of everyday life prospectus. Leaving that matter about what we are talking above and coming to the point of the problems that are encountered by people about the problems of dyscalculia. The well recognised problems of dyscalculics; Difficulty in learning and remembering of mathematical concepts such as used in our daily life in our activities Ex; Addition In the time of interviews with teachers. Difficulty in remembering even up to the number bonds to 10 is the worst problem that pupils struggling with maths were up against. Difficulty in executing mathematics calculations procedures. In 1984 Russell and Ginsburg found a dyscalculic group of people struggling on both written calculation and arithmetical fact retrieval. In 1992 Yamashita and Aram found dissociation absence between arithmetical fact ability and procedural ability with numerical processing difficulties in pupil. In 1993 Geary suggests that procedural problems are likely to improve with experience and also suggests the retrieval difficulties are less likely to do so. And he proposes that the emerging of procedural problems is due to lack of understanding concepts. Problems of retrieval difficulties are the result of general semantic memory dysfunction. In 1999 Ostad has noted that the dyscalculia people use fewer procedures and often apply their smaller repertoire in the situations where they are not appropriate. Even the counting of simple and single digits were shown to be vulnerable in dyscalculic people Geary, Bow-Thomas and Yao in 1992 found that dyscalculic people are less likely to detect the counting errors than normal people. However, all these deficits occur by the lacking of the conceptual understanding of the basic ideas of the numerosity and arithmetical concepts. Good memory for arithmetical facts depends and can be able to convert and organise them into meaningful patterns. And coming to the poor memory it can arise when the fact make little sense to the people. The known information from the dyscalculic people was heard badly by themselves is that they cant remember what the teacher is saying about the mathematics. Even some simple tasks like counting and adding single digit numbers dyscalculic people show a kind of rigidity. Geary, Bow-Thomas and Yao in 1992 found that counting should do perfectly from left to right without skipping around. From all these we can find right thing from all these authors observations and description we should note very important thing here is that these people ( Dyscalculics) cant understand the conceptual things in mathematics. Coming to the normal people can understand quickly that objects can count in any order. Underlying processing deficits; It is one kind of the approach to study about developmental dyscalculia and this involves trying to see it as a consequence of cognitive deficits based on the understanding of the mathematical and arithmetic concepts. And all of these proposals have included. Weak phonetic representations An advantage of this approach is there is a possibility of finding exactly the co-morbidity between dyscalculia and dyslexia, as we can find that dyslexics known to suffer from these conditions. Geary and colleagues suggested that semantic memory difficulties are the main cause for the problems of developmental dyscalculics which they are experiencing in number facts. As well as the co-morbid reading difficulties frequently found with dyscalculia. It shows the evidence particularly the argument is based that dyscalculic people have the difficulties in learning and remembering arithmetic facts that this deficit occur by lacking of understanding of math concepts. Empirical evidence for a general semantic deficit in dyscalculic people is thin. In 2002 temple and Sherwood recognises that a group of dyscalculic people are suffering with arithmetical difficulties were slower at colour and object naming than controls. This comes to know their speed and accessibility is very low. However the authors argued a casual relationship between the arithmetical ability and the speed of access It shows that People may be slower especially dyscalculics while the time of processing information in 1997 Jordan and Montana showed that the dyscalculic people can do the mathematical calculation on being unlimited time but they cant perform like the normal people whereas normal people can do significantly in case of time limit In 1999 Mclean and Hitch compared the dyscalculia between the younger and the older people and found that the older people is performing the accuracy than the younger people in the time of solving the arithmetical and mathematical calculation. It reveals that the performance of the older people acquired due to the experienced things which they faced before in their daily life which is continuing from their early starting from the childhood. In 1989 Siegel and Ryan found that people with dyscalculia showing their weak performance only in the fields of arithmetic and mathematical fields such as counting and adding of numerical things but not in the fields of non-numeric. On the other hand that found the spatial working memory and some aspects of central executive function were poorer in the dyscalculic people. Moreover, in2002 temple and Sherwood tested dyscalculic people and controls on forward and backward digit span, word span and corsi blocks (a non-verbal test of working memory). This study reveals there is no difference between groups and no correlation between the working memory measures and arithmetic ability measures. SUBTYPING DYSCALCULIA; The study of developmental dyscalculia has evolved to its new division of approaching to identify dyscalculic subtypes according to the presence or absence of other disorders, in an attempt to highlight the underlying processes that are contributing to the co-morbidity of the disorders. One of the things that we should note is the important correlate of mathematic disability is reading disability. It is estimated that at about 40% who is suffering from the dyslexics also have dyscalculic problems with learning difficulties in mathematics. The one of the most common ways of dyscalculic sub typing is according to whether or not they have a co-morbid reading disability. The conditions that have been associated with dyscalculia are stated below. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Badian, 1983;Rosenberg, 1989; Shalev, Manor and Gross-Tsur, 1997); poor hand–eye co-ordination (Siegel and Feldman, 1983); poor memory for non-verbal material (Fletcher, 1985); poor social skills (Rourke, 1989) In 1993 shalev and gross-tsur examined a group of seven people with developmental dyscalculia and not responding to intervention. All the group of seven people were suffering from additional neurological conditions, up to dyslexia starting from petit mal seizures and is mentioned as ADHD. DEFICITS OF DYSCALCULIA; Phonological processing in dyslexia In the main case studies of dyslexia phonological processing takes an important role compare to other disorders like sensor motor disorder. This survey was again confirmed by the recent survey shows the 100 percent of samples for dyslexia was affected. This survey had an argument is that theory of phonological processing was the tautology compare it as an explanation. That phonology and the reading of the dyslexia are the two sides of the same coin. That means this awareness was explained more by the reading skill. If the phonological deficit was Leeds to a problem along with the phoneme awareness. The main problems of dyslexics of the phonological problems are rapid naming and the verbal short term memory. This is related to reading. In this we can understand that phonological awareness and the rapid naming deficits are the relatively independent. Phonology does not reduce to the awareness of naming and memory. Some of the aspects for the phonology dyslexics remain to be investigated. ADHD: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is presented in the childrens. This is to cause the neurodevelopment disorder. This also most studied part for the people. ADHD public health dimensions are received relatively little interest. According to the survey of epidemiologic the distribution of ADHD around the population by the age, sex, and race and according to the socio economic status. The origins of the risk factors are preventable. In this scenario we are going to discuss few of the independent concepts those having independent case of definition for ADHD. Summarizing the epidemiologic data regarding prevalence. In the literature key gaps were identified and ended with few suggestions for the epidemiogic research. Magnocellular deficit Due to the perceptual deficits of the dyslexia reliability is the one of the problem. With this performance Macarthur proposed the theory. This is one of the heterogeneity dyslexic samples. Mainly the magnocellular is made link with the cerebella dysfunction. These measures are become very hard to incorporate into the routine assessment of the reading. Cerebella hypothesis applied to the dyslexia. Those agree the phenotype. It is the research of phenotypes. With that we can clearly as showed the symptom complex. Auditory deficits; Auditory deficit is defined as the deficiency in one or more behavioural phenomena listed below for suppose deficit in. Auditory discrimination Auditory performance with degraded signals Auditory performance with competing acoustic signals Sound localization and lateralization These mechanisms lead to nonverbal as well as verbal signals and may affect many areas of function. Including speech and language and auditory deficit can delay the maturation in the development of the important auditory centres within the brain. The deficits are related to maturity differences in the developing stages of the brain. And usually auditory deficits represents more static types of problems and these deficits can be caused by tumours, trauma, degenerative disorders, viral infections, surgical compromise, lead poisoning, lack of oxygen auditory deprivation, and so forth. Prevalence of auditory deficits is estimated to be between 2 and 3% and we can observe more in males is often co-exists with other disabilities. And they include speech and language disorders or delays, learning disabilities or dyslexia, attention deficit disorders with or without hyperactivity. Dieted by the reminder of the hypothesis. Learning memory deficits in children; Children having learning disabilities such as dyslexia and dyscalculia. These are tending to may experience the core skills of the reading, writing and the arithmetic operations. These problems are raised at the first days of school. Even if we pass an instruction it needs to